NEW DELHI (AP) — India’s telecoms ministry has directed smartphone manufacturers to pre-install a government-run

cybersecurity app on all new devices, according to a government order, raising concerns of data privacy and user consent

in one of the largest handset markets in the world.

The Ministry of Communications’ order issued Monday asked smartphone makers to pre-install the government’s “Sanchar

Saathi” app on all new devices within 90 days and to prevent users from deleting it. The order also requires

manufacturers to push the app onto older models through a software update, extending the mandate beyond phones available

in the market.

The ministry said the app, which is available to India’s 1.2 billion smartphone users, was essential in “curbing misuse

of telecom resources for cyber frauds and ensuring telecom cyber security.” But privacy advocates say the order marks an

effort to erode user privacy and consent.

“This is the beginning. It is government testing the waters,” said Nikhil Pahwa, a digital policy expert and founder of

the tech site MediaNama. “Once a government app is forcibly pre-installed on our devices, what’s to stop them from

pushing future apps that could be used for surveillance?”

Amid growing criticism, India’s telecom minister, Jyotiraditya M. Scindia, on Tuesday called the app a “voluntary and

democratic system” and said users can choose to activate it and “easily delete it from their phone at any time.”

Scindia did not clarify Monday’s directive instructing smartphone manufacturers to ensure the app’s “functionalities are

not disabled or restricted.”

The “Sanchar Saathi” app, which was released in January, was designed to let users block and track lost or stolen phones

and to identify and shut down fraudulent mobile connections. Since its launch, it has drawn more than 5 million

downloads and helped recover more than 700,000 lost devices, according to government data.

Pahwa said the main concern is that the app’s role could eventually expand, giving authorities greater ability to

“access device status.” He said the order also removes user consent as a choice.

“Phones are our personal spaces. We have a choice to have what we want on them. Here the government is taking away that

choice,” he said.

The order is also expected to face resistance from smartphone companies like U.S.-based Apple, whose internal policies

prohibit preinstalling third-party apps on its devices, including those developed by governments.

It also comes as several governments take similar steps.