How to disinfect after norovirus in California homes

Norovirus, often called the "stomach flu" or "winter vomiting sickness," is currently active across California and the United States. Health experts emphasize that proper cleaning and disinfection are essential to control its spread.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warns that norovirus is highly contagious, and unfortunately, there's no specific medical treatment for it. Therefore, preventative measures are crucial.

Nationwide, from August 1 to November 13, there were 153 reported norovirus outbreaks across 14 states. The CDC defines an outbreak as two or more similar illnesses stemming from a suspected or lab-confirmed case of norovirus.

While California wasn't among the 14 states reporting outbreaks, CDC data reveals a significant increase in positive norovirus tests throughout November in the western U.S. region.

The California Department of Public Health reports that the California Norovirus Laboratory Network has confirmed 32 cases in the state through lab testing in 2025. The department also monitors data collected by WastewaterSCAN to track community trends.

Here’s what you need to know about norovirus and how to disinfect your home:

**What is Norovirus?**

The California Department of Public Health defines norovirus as a highly contagious virus that causes vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. The CDC notes that norovirus causes acute gastroenteritis, which is an inflammation of the stomach or intestines, affecting people of all ages.

Despite its common nickname, "stomach flu," norovirus is not related to influenza viruses.

Each year, approximately 2,500 norovirus outbreaks are reported in the U.S., with surges typically occurring between November and April. CDC data indicates that this highly contagious virus leads to roughly 109,000 hospitalizations, 465,000 emergency room visits, and 19 to 21 million illnesses annually. The CDC also identifies norovirus as the leading cause of vomiting and diarrhea, responsible for 58% of foodborne illnesses in the country.

**How Does Norovirus Spread?**

According to the California Department of Public Health, norovirus spreads easily from person to person while an individual is experiencing symptoms. Though symptoms usually last one to three days, infected individuals can remain contagious for up to two days after they start feeling better. The virus spreads through vomit and stool, potentially contaminating the air and nearby surfaces. The California Department of Public Health notes that the virus can persist for weeks on unwashed items like phones, doorknobs, and countertops.

The California Department of Public Health warns, “You can get sick after touching or caring for someone who is sick, or after touching or eating something that is contaminated.”

Norovirus can spread rapidly in crowded environments like schools, childcare facilities, hospitals, nursing homes, jails, and cruise ships, according to the state Public Health Department.

Here are common ways to contract norovirus, as outlined by federal and state health officials:

• Touching, caring for, or sharing food with an infected person
• Consuming contaminated food or drink, including raw or undercooked shellfish
• Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your mouth without washing your hands
• Sharing a toilet or bathroom with someone who is sick
• Swallowing contaminated water, such as in swimming pools
• Cleaning up vomit or diarrhea without protective gear like gloves and a mask

The California Department of Public Health emphasizes that anyone can contract norovirus, even if they’ve had it before.

**Disinfecting After Norovirus**

The California Department of Public Health advises, “If you or someone in your household is sick with norovirus, it’s important to clean and disinfect areas where someone has vomited or had diarrhea. Cleaning with soap and water removes germs from surfaces, while disinfecting kills any remaining germs.”

To disinfect after norovirus, you can use commercial disinfectants, but make sure the label specifically lists norovirus as one of the microorganisms it eliminates. You can also verify the product's EPA registration by searching for its number on the EPA’s List G – Registered Antimicrobial Products Effective Against Norovirus.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) recommends creating a bleach solution for disinfection. Mix 5 to 25 tablespoons of household bleach with one gallon of water. Apply the solution to hard, nonporous surfaces using a spray bottle, disposable mop, sponge, or paper towel. Allow it to sit for approximately five minutes before wiping it away.

The USDA advises paying special attention to frequently touched items like doorknobs, remote controls, and handles. It's also important to note that many disinfectant wipes may not be fully effective against norovirus.

**How to Clean After Norovirus**

The CDC recommends wearing disposable gloves. Wipe down the affected area with paper towels and dispose of them in a plastic trash bag.

The California Department of Public Health also suggests wearing a face mask during cleanup.

After disinfecting, clean the area again with soap and water, according to the CDC.

Be aware that the USDA indicates that vomiting can aerosolize the virus, potentially contaminating surfaces several feet away.

Dispose of gloves and masks after cleaning, and immediately take out the trash, according to the California Department of Public Health.

**Laundry Precautions**

The California Department of Public Health recommends wearing disposable gloves and a face mask when handling contaminated laundry. Carefully remove and wash any clothing or linens that may have come into contact with vomit or stool, being careful not to shake the items. Wash items in hot water with detergent on the longest cycle, then dry on high heat, according to the CDC. Always wash your hands with soap and water after handling contaminated clothing.