Holiday Heart Attack and Stroke Risk: Why It Spikes

The holiday season, particularly between Christmas and New Year's, sees a rise in heart attacks and strokes. Emergency rooms experience an increase in cardiac-related incidents during this time, according to Dr. Donald Lloyd-Jones, a cardiologist with the Framingham Heart Study at Boston University School of Medicine.

What causes this "Christmas Coronary" effect, and how can you protect yourself?

Dr. Lloyd-Jones explains that while the risk factors exist year-round, the holidays create a convergence of elements that can push people over the edge. These factors include:

• Weather:** Colder temperatures contribute to increased risk.
• Infections:** Winter infections add stress to the body.
• Lifestyle Changes:** Holiday routines often disrupt healthy habits.
• Stress:** The holiday season can be particularly stressful.

Overindulging in rich foods and alcohol can put a strain on the heart. Studies also indicate that excessive sodium intake elevates blood pressure, forcing the heart to work harder. Acute stress, triggered by arguments or difficult situations, can activate the body's fight-or-flight response, further compounding the problem.

"When we're under acute stress, things like our blood pressure can spike, and that puts extra strain on the cardiovascular system," Dr. Lloyd-Jones notes.

It's crucial to recognize the symptoms of a heart attack, which are sometimes mistaken for indigestion or overeating. Key warning signs include:

• Sudden, heavy pressure in the chest.
• Unexpected shortness of breath.

Dr. Lloyd-Jones emphasizes that these symptoms should never be ignored. That said, the reality is a bit more complicated. Dr. Tina Shah, a cardiologist at Kaiser Permanente in Seattle, points out that symptoms can be subtle, especially in women. These may include lightheadedness or pain in the jaw, neck, or back, potentially radiating from the chest.

Stroke risk also increases during the holidays. Remember the acronym FAST to recognize stroke symptoms:

• F**ace drooping
• A**rm or leg weakness on one side
• S**peech difficulty
• T**ime to call 911

Disrupted routines during holiday travel and gatherings can lead to missed medications. Dr. Luke Laffin, a preventive cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic, advises ensuring you have enough medications, especially heart and blood pressure drugs, for your entire trip. If flying, pack medications in your carry-on luggage.

Dr. Laffin, witnessing increased ER admissions during the holidays, urges people not to delay seeking medical care. Don't dismiss concerning symptoms, hoping they will pass. Prompt treatment for a heart attack is vital. Restoring blood flow quickly with a stent can significantly improve a patient's long-term outcome, potentially preventing heart failure.

So where does that leave things? it's always best to err on the side of caution and seek medical attention if you suspect a heart attack or stroke.